The evidence of the evolutionary process is the body of evidence scientists have gathered to demonstrate that evolution is a process characteristic of the material alive and that all living organisms on Earth descended from a common ancestor . Current species are a state in the evolutionary process, and their relative wealth is the product of a long series of events of speciation and extinction.
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Biological evolution is the set of transformations or changes over time which led to the diversity of life forms that exist on Earth from a common ancestor. The word evolution to describe these changes was first applied in the eighteenth century by Charles Bonnet Federer in his book "Consideration sur les corps organizer".
However, the concept that life on Earth evolved from a common ancestor had already been made by various Greek philosophers, and the hypothesis that species are continually transformed was nominated by many scientists of the ages Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, to which Charles Darwin cited in the first chapter of his book The Origin of Species.
However, it was Darwin himself, in 1859, who synthesized a coherent body of observations that solidified the concept of biological evolution into a true scientific theory.
The existence of evolution as an inherent property of living beings and not a matter of debate among scientists. The mechanisms behind the transformation and diversification of species, however, are still under intense investigation. Two naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace proposed in 1858, independently, that natural selection is the basic mechanism responsible for the origin of new phenotypic variants and, ultimately, new species.
Currently, the theory of evolution combines the proposals of Darwin and Wallace with the laws of Mendel and other further advances in genetics, which is why it is called modern synthesis or synthetic theory. According to this theory, evolution is defined as a change in frequency of alleles in a population over generations. This change can be caused by a number of different mechanisms: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, migration (gene flow). The synthetic theory currently receiving widespread acceptance in the scientific community, but also some criticism.
has been enriched since their inception, around 1940, advances in other related disciplines such as molecular biology, developmental genetics and paleontology. In fact, the theories of evolution, that is, systems of hypotheses based on empirical data taken from living organisms to explain in detail the mechanisms of evolutionary change, are still made.
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